What a teaching method is...? Mcqs

What a teaching method is...?

(A) An art

(B) A science

(C) Both art and science

(D) Can’t say

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Indirect Teaching is teaching___________...?

(A) Tacts

(B) Technique

(C) Strategy

(D) Methodology

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

To achieve teaching objectives and managing____________...?

(A) Role Playing

(B) Team Teaching

(C) Group Work

(D) Lesson Planning

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

___________teaching include journaling, requesting student and peer feedback and recording an actual teaching moment...?

(A) Reflective pedagogy

(B) Congnitive pedagogy

(C) Integrative pedagogy

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Out of the following which method of teaching science follows Thorndike's law of learning...?

(A) Lecture method

(B) Lecture-Demonstration method

(C) Project method

(D) Supervised study method

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

What was the majority of the people when Holy Prophet (SAW) started preaching people embraced Islam speedily___________________________...?

(A) Kings

(B) Leaders

(C) High class people

(D) Poor and slaves

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Aiding __________ in retention comes in method...?

(A) novel

(B) book

(C) knowledge

(D) all of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Teaching method depends upon mostly teaching__________...?

(A) Methodology

(B) Tacts

(C) Strategy

(D) Technique

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The field of study directly concerned with teaching learning process and improvement in student learning is...?

(A) Philosophy

(B) Sociology

(C) Psychology

(D) Biology

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Vital to teaching success is...?

(A) Pleasant voice and correct speech

(B) Proper social background

(C) Throughout A grade

(D) Supplementary income

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) emphasized teaching through examples and _______________________...?

(A) Demonstrations

(B) Experiments

(C) Activities

(D) Detailed information

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

After prepare remedial instructions, the next step in remedial teaching is to...?

(A) Remove the learning difficulties

(B) Locate the learning difficulties and its causes

(C) Provide suitable strategy

(D) None of them

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

According to Ibn-e-Khaldun teaching process should comprises in how many stages_______________________...?

(A) Two

(B) Three

(C) Four

(D) Five

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Conducting in-depth interviews is one of the most common _____________research methods...?

(A) Historical

(B) Experimental

(C) Descriptive

(D) Qualitative

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Sometimes Critical teaching called_____________...?

(A) Improve learning

(B) Improve thinking

(C) Improve experience

(D) Improve behavior

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

________________________concerned with assessing the effectiveness of teaching, teaching strategies, methods and techniques...?

(A) Test

(B) Measurement

(C) Evaluation

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Which of the following was proposed regarding the teaching of Quran in National Education Policy 1992_____________...?

(A) It will be made compulsory till primary level

(B) It would be made compulsory till elementary level

(C) It would be made compulsory till degree level

(D) It would be made compulsory for all levels of Education

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Students are learning something based on the absence of certain, and discourses in the classroom is a part of________________________...?

(A) Null curriculum

(B) Integrated curriculum

(C) Hidden curriculum

(D) Extra curriculum

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Teaching practices comes under also__________...?

(A) Strategy

(B) Tacts

(C) Methodology

(D) Technique

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Some of the best teaching strategies ___________ educators to convey information called method...?

(A) allow

(B) restrict

(C) both

(D) none of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

In pedagogy general and abstract teaching method called____________...?

(A) Pedagogical techniques

(B) Pedagogical Practices

(C) Pedagogical Strategies

(D) Pedagogical Tacts

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The teaching of National Language, Science and Mathematics should be received greater emphasis in which educational policy_______________...?

(A) 1970

(B) 2010

(C) 1959

(D) 1969

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The goal of micro teaching is to develop among the trainee teachers _____...?

(A) Specific teaching skill

(B) Learning skills

(C) General life skills

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The way in which teaching is done called___________...?

(A) Pedagogy

(B) Methodology

(C) Techniques

(D) Skills

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

_______________________provides feedback to the teachers about their teaching and the learners about their learning...?

(A) Measurement

(B) Evaluation

(C) Test

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Micro-teaching as a training technique involves three phases. They are...?

(A) Knowledge acquisition, skill acquisition and transfer

(B) Preparation, orientation and selection

(C) Presentation, observation and discussion

(D) Re-planning, re-teaching and evaluation

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

An integral part of teaching and learning is a characteristics of____________...?

(A) Formative

(B) Diagnosis

(C) Summative

(D) Placement

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Most studies under quantitative research methods are experimental in ____________ is a part of experimental...?

(A) nature

(B) law

(C) part

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Reflective teaching include journaling, requesting student and ___________ feedback and recording an actual teaching moment...?

(A) peer

(B) sheer

(C) both

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

________________________could be used to display the strength and weaknesses of the teaching process and help the teacher improve it...?

(A) Test

(B) Examination

(C) Measurement

(D) Evaluation

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

___________ teaching helps you understand how to better perform each little part to create a better future...?

(A) Integrative pedagogy

(B) Reflective pedagogy

(C) Congnitive pedagogy

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Teaching aids that involve only the sense of hearing are called...?

(A) Aural aids

(B) Visual aids

(C) Activity aids

(D) Audio-visual aids

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Students are learning something based on the absence of certain interactions comes under___________________________...?

(A) Integrated curriculum

(B) Extra curriculum

(C) Null curriculum

(D) Hidden curriculum

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Montessori method is introduced by...?

(A) Dr. John Dewey

(B) Dr. Maria

(C) Frobel

(D) Horace Mann

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

During which stage of teaching does the presentation of content in relation to objectives occur...?

(A) Pre-active stage

(B) Interactive stage

(C) Post-active stage

(D) Pre-instructional stage

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The most favourable factor in teaching is the...?

(A) High salaries

(B) Easy work

(C) Lengthy vacations

(D) Social work and recognition

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Teaching tools is a part of teaching___________...?

(A) Tacts

(B) Methodology

(C) Technique

(D) Strategy

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Let’s say a teacher is teaching a science lesson on the parts of a flower to a group of elementary school students. The teacher might start by presenting a real flower and labeling its parts, such as the petals, stamen, and pistil. Example of___________...?

(A) Technique

(B) Methodology

(C) Tacts

(D) Strategy

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Another name among ___________ is teaching tacts...?

(A) objects

(B) universe

(C) both

(D) none of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Self-questioning. Asking __________ questions can help you understand the effect and efficiency of your teaching comes under reflective...?

(A) my self

(B) their self

(C) yourself

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

We use simulation as teaching technique in...?

(A) Short answers

(B) Completion items

(C) Performed items

(D) Matching items

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Schools can use educational technology to support both teaching and ____________...?

(A) Animation file

(B) Audio file

(C) MS Office document

(D) Image file

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Some __________Based Learning called teaching strategy...?

(A) Team

(B) individual

(C) both

(D) none of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Which one describe a ___________ operant in teaching called tacts...?

(A) verbal

(B) non verbal

(C) both

(D) none of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

In whose methodology of teaching “Experimentation” is the key-note of...?

(A) Realism

(B) Idealism

(C) Pragmatism

(D) Existentialism

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The good results in teaching a specific subject determine the methodology to be ______...?

(A) Low and sub standard

(B) High and standard

(C) Inappropriate

(D) None of the above

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Like Rousseau which was the educationist who based his learning method on natural principles and stressed the importance of human emotions_________________________...?

(A) Rousseau

(B) Friedrich Herbart

(C) Maria Montessori

(D) Pestalozzi

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

___________ teaching, teachers are able to understand what areas might be improved or changed for better learning outcomes...?

(A) Congnitive pedagogy

(B) Integrative pedagogy

(C) Reflective pedagogy

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

In teaching, to succeed, a teacher has to be devoted to his work and...?

(A) Remain ever ready to help his students

(B) Lack respect for students

(C) Show partial treatment to students

(D) Emotionally immature

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Remedial teaching indicates...?

(A) Elimination of attitudes

(B) Elimination of skills

(C) Elimination of habits

(D) Elimination of drawbacks

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

On what is based the need for teaching philosophy of education...?

(A) All pupils are not alike

(B) Different ways of teaching-learning

(C) Different systems of education found in different countries

(D) Different philosophies expressed different points of view on every aspect of education

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Problem solving method help the learner to...?

(A) Depend on teachers

(B) Think critically and independently

(C) Summarize the main points covered in the lesson

(D) Be actively involved in observing

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

teaching __________ Encompasses the selection and use of various teaching methods to achieve learning objectives...?

(A) Tacts

(B) Technique

(C) Strategy

(D) Methodology

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

According to which of the following philosophy believes that teachers who think that they may do without a philosophy of life render their methods of teaching ineffective____________...?

(A) Pragmatism

(B) Naturalism

(C) Existentialism

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

How many steps in the problem-solving method...?

(A) 2

(B) 4

(C) 6

(D) 5

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The educational programs in which individuals are educated through distance learning methods and means of communication is called_____________________...?

(A) Formal education

(B) Non-formal education

(C) Informal education

(D) All of the above

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

____________ type of teaching comes in method...?

(A) dewey

(B) john

(C) Montessori

(D) none of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The most important component of teaching learning process is...?

(A) Curriculum

(B) Classroom environment

(C) Learner

(D) Teaching technology

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

After locate the learning difficulties and its causes, the next step in remedial teaching is to...?

(A) Prepare remedial instructions

(B) Remove the learning difficulties

(C) Provide suitable strategy

(D) None of them

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Which of the following teaching method is considered as an art that enables the teacher to come very close to the heart of the students and thereby attracts their attention...?

(A) Problem solving method

(B) Demonstration method

(C) Story telling method

(D) Lecture method

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Teaching __________are related concepts, but they refer to different aspects of the teaching and learning process...?

(A) Methodology

(B) Tacts

(C) Strategy

(D) Technique

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Solo Taxonomy is often used as a __________For both teaching and assessment...?

(A) Tool

(B) Tacts

(C) Techniques

(D) All of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Two Medical Colleges for women (one in each wing) should be established as soon as possible. It was proposed in which educational policy_____________________...?

(A) Educational Policy of 1977

(B) Educational Policy of 1998

(C) Educational Policy of 1972

(D) First Educational Conference 1947

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Modern educationists suggest that the process of teaching must be...?

(A) Dull

(B) Clumsy

(C) Creative and Entertaining

(D) Unimaginative

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Dialectic method of inquiry was contributed by___________...?

(A) Socrates

(B) Plato

(C) Aristotle

(D) John Dewey

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

In teaching experienced member guide the immature one's for ____...?

(A) Quality of Life

(B) Adjustment of Life

(C) Speeding Time

(D) Qualification

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Which kind of teaching method used by the Rasool Ullah (SAW) to teach the people_________________________...?

(A) Giving assignments

(B) Question answer method

(C) Complex to simple concepts

(D) Simple to complex concepts

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

At primary level it is batter to teach in mother tongue because:...?

(A) Higher qualification is not needed in this profession

(B) They are ready to work with low salary

(C) Both

(D) None

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Which is the teaching method utilized by Realism Education___________...?

(A) Inductive method

(B) Heuristic method

(C) Experimental method

(D) All of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Who said teaching is a outline of important parts_____________...?

(A) Dewey

(B) Copper

(C) Piaget

(D) All

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

A Bachelor degree with B. Ed shall be the requirement for teaching at elementary level and a Masters level for the secondary and Higher Secondary with B. Ed shall be ensured by _______________, PTC & CT shall be finished...?

(A) 2018

(B) 2019

(C) 2009

(D) 2030

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

A teaching aid is anything used by a teacher to help teach a lesson or make it more interesting to...?

(A) Students

(B) Teachers

(C) Parents

(D) Principals

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Andragogy means teaching to _____...?

(A) Adults

(B) Teachers

(C) Children

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Which step is prominent in the syntax of teaching model of memory level and understanding level...?

(A) Planning

(B) Exploration

(C) Generalization

(D) Presentation

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Which one is defined as "any form of teaching and learning in which the teacher and learner and not in the same place at the same time"...?

(A) Group discussion

(B) Distance learning

(C) Classroom lecture

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Another name of active learning method is_______________________...?

(A) flipped

(B) classroom

(C) flipped classrooms

(D) activity

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The function of remedial teaching is to...?

(A) Solve the problem faced by the teacher

(B) Recondition habit and skill

(C) Encourage teaching profession

(D) Modify teacher behavior

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The teaching strategy classified under autocratic style is...?

(A) Computer assisted instruction

(B) Project method

(C) Heuristic method

(D) Programmed instruction

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Teaching content revise learner___________...?

(A) Learning

(B) Memory

(C) Capability

(D) Thinking

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Teaching and learning combines to make...?

(A) Curriculum

(B) Instruction

(C) Classroom

(D) Syllabus

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Inquiry Based Science teaching is actually a...?

(A) Positivist Approach

(B) Cooperative Approach

(C) Constructivist Approach

(D) Destructive Approach

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

What stage of development involves as parenting, raising children, establishing career, teaching and more productive role, through which adults assist the next generation in developing useful lives. And if anyone fails to do so he/she feels stagnant & unproductive_________...?

(A) Integrity vs Despair

(B) Intimacy vs Isolation

(C) Trust vs Mistrust

(D) Generativity vs Stagnation

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

One way to maximize teaching time shorten delays due to transitions and focus on student’s behavior is used to establish _______ in the classroom....?

(A) Procedures

(B) Rules

(C) Routines

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

A good teaching must always be so designed and performed as to result in...?

(A) Minimum learning

(B) Maximum learning

(C) Self-learning

(D) Self-control

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Good teaching is best reflected by...?

(A) Attendance of students

(B) Fostering critical thinking

(C) Meaningful questions asked by students

(D) Both B and C

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The best technique of teaching at primary stage is...?

(A) Self-learning

(B) The traditional black-board and chalk technique

(C) Game technique

(D) Practical training

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Social pedagogy is science of teaching as well as__________...?

(A) Communicating

(B) Learning

(C) Developing

(D) Creating

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Introspection method is rejected by which theory of psychology__________...?

(A) Behaviorist

(B) Functionalist

(C) Humanist

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The main purpose of the supervisor of teaching should be the...?

(A) Advancement of pupil welfare

(B) Achievement of success

(C) Carrying out of the curriculum

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The most effective method of character- formation is...?

(A) Teaching by high character teachers

(B) Teaching virtues through religious books

(C) Organizing specialists’ lectures on the importance of values in life

(D) Rewarding virtuous behaviors and presenting high character models in the schools

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Encourage student engagement: Use a variety of teaching strategies and activities to engage students and make learning fun and interesting comes under____________________________...?

(A) Classroom Management

(B) administration

(C) direction

(D) All of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

While teaching the assessment helps the teacher to ______...?

(A) Adjust instructions

(B) Revise objectives

(C) Plan lessons

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

In ______ teaching style of a science teacher, student interaction is very less....?

(A) Modern

(B) Authoritative

(C) Group

(D) Play way

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

In discovery teaching methods, students are generally forced to work as scientists, This statement is propounded by ____...?

(A) Theodore Bit

(B) John Dewey

(C) Armstrong

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

A style of teaching where many involved in_____________ pedagogy...?

(A) General

(B) Cognitive

(C) Behavioral

(D) Collaborative

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

First and top level teaching strategies is_____________...?

(A) Reading for Meaning

(B) Compare and Contrast

(C) Inductive Learning

(D) Circle of Knowledge

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Teaching aids which encourage both listening and observing functions are called...?

(A) Booklets

(B) Journals

(C) Specimens

(D) Audio-visual teaching aids

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

After monitoring and assessing the progress of the students, the next step in remedial teaching is to...?

(A) Remove the learning difficulties

(B) Locate the learning difficulties and its causes

(C) Provide additional support and reinforcement as needed

(D) Prepare remedial instructions

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

When students are learning something based on the absence of certain experiences called________________________...?

(A) Null curriculum

(B) Integrated curriculum

(C) Hidden curriculum

(D) Extra curriculum

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

“Teaching is form of interpersonal influence aimed at the changing the behaviour potential of another” is the view presented by...?

(A) N.L Gage

(B) John Dewey

(C) Thorndike

(D) Piaget

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Macro teaching a technique which allows teacher to well define who said____________...?

(A) Stanly

(B) Bush

(C) Twite

(D) Dewey

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The idea of teaching the whole child in the “philosophy of pragmatism in education” means teaching students to be good_________...?

(A) learners

(B) thinkers

(C) scientists

(D) citizens

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The first half of the century which was full of reforms in the educational methods_________________________...?

(A) 19th

(B) 20th

(C) 21st

(D) 22nd

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

which curriculum based on common learning and methods called_____________________...?

(A) Child centered

(B) Teacher Centered

(C) Subject Centered

(D) None of These

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

What some refer to as the traditional method called___________...?

(A) Method

(B) Technique

(C) Strategy

(D) Tact’s

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Prior to teaching the teacher does...?

(A) Identification of objectives

(B) Preparation of teaching lesson plans

(C) Know the interest of the students

(D) All of the above

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

An old but effective teaching strategy is _____...?

(A) Read Aloud

(B) Reading

(C) Silent Reading

(D) None of them

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

___________teaching is the way by which two or more teachers teach, instruct and mentor the same group of students together...?

(A) General

(B) Cognitive

(C) Behavioral

(D) Collaborative

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

In direct instruction method or lecture method the teacher is considered as_____________...?

(A) partner

(B) facilitator

(C) delegator

(D) formal authority

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

A model of teaching is meant for...?

(A) Substituting teachers

(B) Recording students activities

(C) Creating suitable learning environments

(D) Student’s evaluation

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Which type of teaching improved self-esteem and inter skills____________...?

(A) Effective Teaching

(B) Reciprocal teaching

(C) Peer Teaching

(D) Gaze Teaching

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Which of the following methods establishes a student’s mastery level...?

(A) Gloom’s mastery learning strategy

(B) Albert’s mastery learning strategy

(C) Bloom’s mastery learning strategy

(D) Garrett’s mastery learning strategy

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The concept of teaching __________ is quite wide and encompasses a broad range of methods and techniques that educators use to facilitate learning and promote student engagement...?

(A) Tacts

(B) Technique

(C) Strategy

(D) Methodology

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

For an effective teaching, the teacher must be a subject matter expert that includes...?

(A) Command over the subject

(B) The ability to convey knowledge

(C) The ability to apply ideas from one discipline to another

(D) All of the above

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Effective teaching requires continuous...?

(A) Help

(B) Planning

(C) Motivation

(D) Suggestion

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Who worked with disabled children and presented Montessori Method of teaching_________________________...?

(A) Al-Ghazali

(B) Ibn-e-Khaldun

(C) Maria Montessori

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

When are probing questions typically asked during the teaching process...?

(A) Pre-active stage

(B) Interactive stage

(C) Post-active stage

(D) Pre-instructional stage

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Women are given preferences in teaching of primary children...?

(A) She is emotionally understanding

(B) She can also cry

(C) Students don’t get scared

(D) Men don’t like this profession

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Some of the best teaching strategies allow educators to convey information called__________...?

(A) Strategy

(B) Tact’s

(C) Method

(D) Technique

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

___________ reinforcement is a type of teaching tacts...?

(A) social

(B) cultural

(C) both

(D) none of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Which of the following teaching aids helps the pupils to study, analyses and compare data...?

(A) Graphs

(B) Maps

(C) Diagrams

(D) Pictures

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Which one has distinctive properties and data collection methods__________...?

(A) Qualitative

(B) Descriptive

(C) Experimental

(D) Historical

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Which teaching aims to link content with students’ contemporary and ancestral cultures_____________...?

(A) Reciprocal teaching

(B) Culturally responsive teaching

(C) Blended Teaching

(D) Interdisciplinary teaching

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The teaching approach in which students share knowledge with other students through a variety of structures, is known as:...?

(A) Cooperative Classroom Model

(B) Cooperative behavior Model

(C) Cooperative Learning Model

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Using teaching aids in the classroom...?

(A) Distract the learners

(B) Irritate the teacher and the learner

(C) Makes learning more interesting

(D) Cannot improve student performance

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

To read the lesson before teaching it is called ____...?

(A) Measurement

(B) Teaching practice

(C) Preparation

(D) Lesson plan

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Which of the following method is termed as an essential evil...?

(A) Lecture method

(B) Lecture-cum-demonstration method

(C) Assignment method

(D) Discussion method

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

In teaching we apply a _____________to learning and teaching and focus on the understanding of information and concepts...?

(A) Behaviorist approach

(B) Cognitive approach

(C) Emotional Approach

(D) All of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Motivation affects teaching outcomes independently of any increase in ___________ability...?

(A) Behaviorist

(B) Cognitive

(C) Both

(D) None

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The main objective of child-centered teaching method is...?

(A) To develop the learning abilities in children in free way

(B) To develop the skills in children

(C) To develop independence in students

(D) All of the above

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

After identifying the poor students, the next step in remedial teaching is to...?

(A) Prepare remedial instructions

(B) Remove the learning difficulties

(C) Locate the learning difficulties and its causes

(D) Provide suitable strategy

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

A scaled down teaching encounter in class size and time is known as...?

(A) Micro-teaching

(B) Lesson plan

(C) Remedial teaching

(D) Diagnostic testing

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Teaching ____________ refers to the approach or method used by educators to impart knowledge, skills, and information to their students...?

(A) Methodology

(B) Tacts

(C) Strategy

(D) Technique

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Which one is not the characteristic of teaching profession...?

(A) Intellectual activity

(B) Political activity

(C) Professional organization

(D) Human service

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Before accepting the teaching profession one must know...?

(A) The duty of the teachers

(B) The pay scale of teachers

(C) The future prospects of his profession

(D) The benefits available to teachers

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The teacher, in order to dedicate himself to the welfare of his students, should truthfully disseminate his expert service solely for...?

(A) Good results

(B) The benefit of his students

(C) His promotion

(D) Increase in salary

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed of what type teaching method________________________...?

(A) Teacher centered

(B) Lecture method

(C) Child centered education

(D) Positive education

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Guided is a teaching strategy of ___________...?

(A) Integrative pedagogy

(B) Inquiry based

(C) Congnitive pedagogy

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

According to Samford Which one methodology and contents___________...?

(A) Lesson Planning

(B) Special Planning

(C) Normal Planning

(D) Unit Planning

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

This is a method of teaching and learning based on cognitive psychology and constructivist learning theory called ___________ emotional method...?

(A) congnitive

(B) affective

(C) both

(D) All of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The depiction of teaching and learning environment, including the behavior of teachers and students while the lesson is presented through that model, is known as...?

(A) Teaching report

(B) Style of teaching

(C) Model of teaching

(D) Teaching paradigm

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Effective teaching involves ______...?

(A) Creating affective designs on board

(B) Working with concept of the students

(C) Creating effective learning environment

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Which type of field discuss methods of diagnosing and treating mental__________...?

(A) Philosophy

(B) Psychology

(C) Education

(D) History

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

In teaching of science, if the results are not up to the mark, then what should the teacher do...?

(A) The teacher should stick to his method of teaching

(B) The teacher should leave the class

(C) The teacher should blame the student

(D) The teacher should change the teaching methodology

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

What I like about teaching is that it is the...?

(A) Most peaceful job

(B) Resort of even the least competent persons

(C) Most challenging job

(D) Most lucrative job because of the scope for private tuition

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Which teaching method was devised by J. H. Pestalozzi fo children to learn in loving and unhurried manner_________________________...?

(A) Discussion method

(B) Project learning

(C) Group instruction

(D) Inductive method

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Shah Wali Ullah presented his method of teaching in a practical way because he was a good teacher himself. This method of teaching was called_________________________...?

(A) Logica

(B) As well as practical

(C) Both A&B

(D) All of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Behaviourism gave rise to new ideas and innovations in the field of learning and instruction like programmed learning and individualized self instructional programmes involving teaching machines and _________...?

(A) Computer-assisted Instruction

(B) Substituted model

(C) Insight learning

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

When educators travel to the student’s location to provide instruction on topics of professional or personal interest. The mode of teaching becomes...?

(A) Innovative Teaching

(B) Moving Teaching

(C) Travel Teaching

(D) Extension Teaching

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Kuder Richardson method is used to estimate...?

(A) Validity

(B) Reliability

(C) Usability

(D) Objectivity

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

___________research is a method that collects data using conversational methods, usually open-ended questions...?

(A) Experimental

(B) Qualitative

(C) Descriptive

(D) Historical

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

When a teacher asks questions during class and assesses student learning, this method is called...?

(A) Summative assessment

(B) Diagnostic assessment

(C) Formative assessment

(D) Norm-referenced assessment

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The teaching method in which two or more teachers make a plan of the subjects co-operatively, carry it out and always evaluate its effect on the students periodically, is called...?

(A) Audio-visual teaching

(B) Team teaching

(C) Visual teaching

(D) Individual teaching

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

If the performance of an athlete is influenced by coaching, then coaching is ____...?

(A) Independent variable

(B) Dependent variable

(C) Both A & B

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

To make classroom teaching more effective every teacher should discuss with colleagues...?

(A) Analyze responses of students

(B) Keep him/herself abreast of development in the area in his/her subject

(C) Publish his/her writings

(D) None of them

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Who developed and presented the Dialectic Method_________________________...?

(A) Aristotle

(B) Plato

(C) Socrates

(D) Sophists

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The Holy Prophet (SAW) and his companions while teaching used...?

(A) Lecture method

(B) Discussion method

(C) Question Answer method

(D) All of the above

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The best technique of teaching at primary stage is______________...?

(A) Self-learning

(B) The traditional black-board and chalk technique

(C) Game technique

(D) Practical training

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The cooperative learning method which combines whole class learning plus heterogeneous small groups is termed as:...?

(A) Circles of learning

(B) Circles of knowledge

(C) Circles of conceptual learning

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Some common teaching strategies include___________...?

(A) Methodology

(B) Tacts

(C) Strategy

(D) Technique

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

In micro-teaching, the student-teacher plans a short lesson in which he can...?

(A) Learn a new skill

(B) Develop a new opinion

(C) Acquire a new knowledge

(D) Practice a particular skill

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

combosition of teaching material comes under____________...?

(A) Integrative pedagogy

(B) connective pedagogy

(C) Congnitive pedagogy

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Instructional methods is alternative names for teaching __________...?

(A) Tacts

(B) Methodology

(C) Technique

(D) Strategy

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Pedagogy is a____________focus teaching approach...?

(A) Teacher

(B) Discipline

(C) Child

(D) Subject

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Curriculum is the central_____________________________for all educators as to what is essential for teaching and learning...?

(A) Guide

(B) Help

(C) Both

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Micro teaching focuses on the competency over...?

(A) Method

(B) Skills

(C) Contents

(D) None of them

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Basic role of a teacher is to deliver classroom_____________...?

(A) Instruction

(B) Books

(C) Both

(D) None

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

This is a method of teaching and learning based on cognitive psychology and constructivist learning theory___________...?

(A) Cognition Emotional Pedagogy

(B) Cognitive Emotionality Pedagogy

(C) Cognitive Emotion Pedagogy

(D) Cognitive Emotional Pedagogy

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Conducting __________ interviews is one of the most common qualitative research methods...?

(A) in-depth

(B) freely

(C) both

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

When educators travel to the student’s location to provide instruction on topics of professional or personal interest. The mode of teaching becomes___________...?

(A) Innovative Teaching

(B) Moving Teaching

(C) Travel Teaching

(D) Extension Teaching

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

An assessment that is conducted prior to the start of teaching or instruction is called_____________...?

(A) initial assessment

(B) formal assessment

(C) formative assessment

(D) summative assessment

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

You are teaching a topic in class and a student ask a question unrelated to the topic. What will you do...?

(A) You will allow him to ask unrelated question

(B) You will not allow him to ask unrelated question

(C) You will consider it indiscipline and punish him

(D) You will answer the question after the class

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Pedagogic methods refer to the elements used in a pedagogical scenario or referred to in a pedagogic strategy comes under___________ pedagogy...?

(A) Integrative pedagogy

(B) connective pedagogy

(C) Congnitive pedagogy

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

At once change___________ situation method...?

(A) learning

(B) teaching

(C) both

(D) none of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

According to teaching of Islam acquisition of knowledge is obligatory upon...?

(A) Religious leaders

(B) Political leaders

(C) Social leaders

(D) All of the above

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The primary goal using visual aids in teaching is to _____...?

(A) Enhance understanding

(B) Lengthen time

(C) Increase homework completion

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

A student's best work is mostly collected by the teacher in the form of _____...?

(A) Written comments

(B) Assessment report

(C) Portfolio

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Structured is a teaching strategy of__________...?

(A) Congnitive pedagogy

(B) Integrative pedagogy

(C) Inquiry based

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Any method of teaching which involves two or more students, can be termed as...?

(A) Class Task

(B) Group Work

(C) Class Work

(D) Group Task

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Which of the following Philosophers recommended Project, Problem Solving Methods, Socialized Techniques and other activities as the teaching strategies___________...?

(A) Pragmatists

(B) Idealists

(C) Naturalists

(D) None of the above

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Which of the following is true concerning the methodology of Rousseau’s of educational system...?

(A) Discipline was left to the natural punishment of suffering for one’s acts

(B) All instruction involved a study of the child’s abilities and interests

(C) Education was to be an unfoldment of what is within

(D) All of the above

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The best evidence of professional status of teaching is the...?

(A) Publication of books

(B) Fixing of salary schedules

(C) Enforcement of high standards

(D) Establishment of retirement systems

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Montessori type of teaching comes in___________...?

(A) Method

(B) Technique

(C) Strategy

(D) Tact’s

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

During teaching and learning curriculum is_____________...?

(A) Re construct

(B) Re Build

(C) Revise

(D) Rewrite

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Using laboratory, experimental instructional methods, field trips, cooperative problems solving, simulations, tips and problems solving methods in which philosophy___________...?

(A) Progressivism

(B) Perenialism

(C) Idealism

(D) All of the above

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The well known principle of teaching, proceeding from easy to difficult was introduced by...?

(A) Indians

(B) Greeks

(C) Chinese

(D) Muslims

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

For the effectiveness of teaching Ibn-e-Khaldun divides curriculum, into how many periods_________________________...?

(A) Three

(B) Four

(C) Six

(D) Eight

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

What should teacher do after teaching the lesson...?

(A) He should give those answers of the Questions of the lesson

(B) He should ask to do Question answers of the lesson

(C) He should test the understanding of the students

(D) He should leave them if they may write or not

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

What is the teaching method followed by Pragmatists in educational process__________...?

(A) Project/problem-solving methods

(B) Activity based/learning by doings methods

(C) Real life situation method

(D) All of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

In which of the following teaching methods are students primarily passive listeners...?

(A) Project method

(B) Discovery method

(C) Lecture method

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The Naturalists advocated which of the following method of Teaching (education)__________...?

(A) Role play

(B) Play way

(C) Lecture

(D) None of the above

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Micro Teaching focus on___________...?

(A) Method

(B) Skills

(C) Techniques

(D) None

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

is a teaching strategy of inquiry based learning___________...?

(A) counselling

(B) Guided

(C) both

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Teaching models mainly related to the emotional life of a person and also assist in developing a productive relationship to the environment are...?

(A) Information processing models

(B) Behavioral models

(C) Personal models

(D) Social interaction models

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

You are a famous teacher, but students are not satisfied with your teaching style. How you will teach them...?

(A) Will take training again to reform the style

(B) Will change your style according to students

(C) Will make harmony with student’s style

(D) Will tell about your style first

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Dialectic method of inquiry was contributed by ____...?

(A) Socrates

(B) Plato

(C) Aristotle

(D) John Dewey

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

What is the palce of teacher in the philosophy of Perrennailsm__________...?

(A) Friend and guide

(B) Democratic

(C) Authority figure

(D) A,B&C

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The technique of teaching is determined by...?

(A) The behavior of the teacher

(B) The educational institution

(C) The evaluation system

(D) The objective of the lesson

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

What is the name of an American philosopher who presented the method of Learning – by- Doing Method of Teaching__________________________...?

(A) Helen Parkhurst

(B) John Dewey

(C) Jacque Darida

(D) Parkhurst

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

You like teaching profession because...?

(A) It has less responsibility

(B) You are interested in it

(C) It is easy

(D) It provide you more holidays

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Which of the following level of teaching requires more active participation, more imaginative and creative thinking...?

(A) Reflective level

(B) Memory level

(C) Understanding level

(D) All of the above

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Teaching aids may not prove useful because of...?

(A) Proper preparation

(B) Correct presentation

(C) Lack of proper planning

(D) Appropriate application

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Peer Teaching example of ____________learning...?

(A) Collaborative

(B) Cognitive

(C) General

(D) Behavioral

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Teaching styles___________ is also name of teaching...?

(A) Tacts

(B) Methodology

(C) Technique

(D) Strategy

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The purpose of discussion method in teaching is to ______...?

(A) Create a situation

(B) Involve the bright students in the discussion

(C) Give detailed introduction of a topic

(D) Create understanding about the topic

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

In higher education, research and teaching are two different activities that...?

(A) Cannot go together

(B) Can go, if at all, only in sequential order

(C) Can go together

(D) Can go together only at the, expense of each other

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

____________ teaching, also known as cooperative teaching...?

(A) Collaborative

(B) Cognitive

(C) General

(D) Behavioral

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

One on one approach to teaching or re-teaching concepts is termed as___________...?

(A) Counselling

(B) Tutoring

(C) Guidance

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Schools can use educational technology to support both teaching and ___________...?

(A) Learning

(B) Assessing

(C) Both

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Teaching, job interview and in-class presentation are the examples of ____________ communication....?

(A) Light

(B) Formal

(C) Informal

(D) Written

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

An Idealistic Teacher utilizes which method of teaching in the class room___________...?

(A) Lecture method

(B) Discussion method

(C) Dialectic Method (Question and Dialogues)

(D) All of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Which is the SECOND step in the problem-solving method...?

(A) Testing hypothesis

(B) Recognition and definition of problem

(C) Conclusion

(D) Formulation of hypothesis

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

A teaching philosophy that deals in students power structures called____________...?

(A) Critical Theory

(B) Critical philosophy

(C) Critical psychology

(D) Critical pedagogy

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Teaching method are ways to instruct students ___________ a classroom...?

(A) in

(B) out

(C) both

(D) none of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

There are differences between research and teaching experiments part of____________...?

(A) Integrative pedagogy

(B) experimental pedagogy

(C) Congnitive pedagogy

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The teacher should select the teaching material in such a way so that...?

(A) He can achieve a high level of mental development

(B) He can produce citizens capable of living in a democratic society

(C) He can easily attain the fundamental principles of education

(D) He can help the learner in his later adjustment with life

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Good teaching requires...?

(A) Clarity of expression

(B) Good communication skills

(C) Command of the subject

(D) All of the above

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

For the realization of better results with audio-visual teaching aids, a teacher should bear in mind...?

(A) Principle of proper presentation

(B) Principle of action

(C) Principle of appraisal

(D) The guiding principles of selection of these aids

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Ibn-e-Khaldun disfavored of which teaching method________________________...?

(A) Lecture method

(B) Discussion and debates

(C) Experimental method

(D) Project method

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

After teaching in remedial teaching, a test is administered...?

(A) To ascertain how far learning difficulties could be removed

(B) To identify poor and slow learners

(C) To discover the causes of learning difficulties

(D) To develop instructions

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

What is the first step in a teaching model...?

(A) Determination of instructional objectives

(B) Determination of entering behaviour

(C) Instructional procedure

(D) Evaluation

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Remedial teaching aims for...?

(A) Feedback

(B) Identification of a particular strength of a child

(C) Modification of student behavior

(D) The correction of errors in learning

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

A teacher, in order to be successful, should...?

(A) Help students in achieving their goals

(B) Provide subject knowledge to students

(C) Concentrate on syllabus completion

(D) Prepare students to score high marks

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

According to Wordsworth teaching is the creation of environment where the students ______ can emerge and change....?

(A) Cognitive structure

(B) Physical structure

(C) Psychomotor structure

(D) All of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Visual teaching aids...?

(A) Enrich the listening functions

(B) Enrich the seeing functions

(C) Facilitate the audio senses

(D) Increase the rate of hearing

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The method of teaching at memory level is...?

(A) Subject centered

(B) Teacher centered

(C) Learner centered

(D) Problem-solving centered

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The cheapest and the most easily accessible aid among the audio teaching aids is...?

(A) Television

(B) Tape recorder

(C) Radio

(D) Film

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

What is a teaching method...?

(A) An Art

(B) A Science

(C) Both A and B

(D) None of them

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Which one describe a verbal operant in teaching called____________...?

(A) Method

(B) Technique

(C) Strategy

(D) Tact’s

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Teaching can be made effective by relating it to...?

(A) Learning

(B) Reading

(C) Lecture

(D) Discussion

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Johnn Heinrich Pestalozzi’s approach to teaching can be organized into “general” and______________________methods...?

(A) Experimental

(B) Experience based

(C) Deductive

(D) Special

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Which from the following is termed as student-centered learning method...?

(A) Direct Instruction

(B) Inquiry-Based Learning

(C) Cooperative learning

(D) Both B and C

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Teaching models are prescriptive teaching strategies designed to accomplish particular...?

(A) Instructional goals

(B) Teaching skills

(C) Lessons

(D) Interests

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

A remedial teaching is one that is meant to...?

(A) Improve study habits

(B) Rectify a particular problem area in a student

(C) Identify special

(D) Evaluate the achievement of a student

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Before accepting the teaching profession one must know:...?

(A) The duty of the teachers

(B) The pay scale of teachers

(C) The future prospects of his profession

(D) The benefits available to teachers

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

In cooperative learning method, the role of teacher is of...?

(A) Facilitator

(B) Delegator

(C) Facilitator and Delegator

(D) Delegator and Formal Authority

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Teaching training is less emphasized in...?

(A) Subject centered curriculum

(B) Learner centered curriculum

(C) Activity centered curriculum

(D) All of the above

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Most studies under quantitative research methods are experimental in ___________ is a part of experimental...?

(A) nature

(B) artifical

(C) both

(D) None of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Daily lesson plan mentions the objectives systematic outline of contents and teaching methods____________...?

(A) Binning

(B) Dewey

(C) Kottler

(D) All

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The idea of teaching the whole child in the “philosophy of pragmatism in education” means teaching students to be good...?

(A) Learners

(B) Thinkers

(C) Citizens

(D) None of them

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

An__________ may select different teaching strategy according to unit topic...?

(A) student

(B) instructor

(C) both

(D) none of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

___________ and cue are comes in teaching tacts...?

(A) Motive

(B) act

(C) both

(D) none of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

In problem solving method, a systematic and orderly process is adopted for carrying out...?

(A) The teaching-learning process

(B) Data Collection

(C) Evaluation

(D) Analysis

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Open question and investigation method is a___________...?

(A) Structured inquiry

(B) Guided inquiry

(C) Open inquiry

(D) Confirmation inquiry

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

"Unknown to known" is used for which teaching method...?

(A) Demonstrative method

(B) Experiment method

(C) Synthetic method

(D) Analytical method

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

According to Ibn-e-Khaldun what are the three stages of teaching process_______________________...?

(A) Introduction

(B) Development

(C) Recap/Summary

(D) All of these

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

If two or more methods are mixed up for teaching, the teaching method will be known as...?

(A) Combined method

(B) Mixed method

(C) Eclectic method

(D) None

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

Teaching strategies that will have students multiplying____________...?

(A) Fractions

(B) Matrixes

(C) Both

(D) None

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

The remedial teaching is followed...?

(A) After actual classroom teaching

(B) Before actual classroom teaching

(C) Before the beginning of a new lesson

(D) During actual classroom teaching

Source: This question is taken from the Pedagogy

In Classroom, five distinct teaching style or method have ____________...?

(A) separated

(B) emerged

(C) both

(D) none of these